Potential utilization of scallop viscera for solid waste management and as feedstuff for swine

Waste management has been identified as a major problem which will threaten the economic security of Florida's seafood industry within the next ten years (1). One of the primary concerns is treatment and disposal of solid wastes resulting from seafood processing. Utilization of scallop viscera as silage, much like that developed for waste fish and fish offal (3,4), could represent a practical solid waste treatment option which offers the additional benefit of a protein feed supplement for production of swine. (27pp.

Sums of totally positive matrices

AbstractIt is shown that an arbitrary m×n positive matrix can be written as a sum of at most min{m,n} totally positive matrices, and that this is in general the best possible value for the number of summands. Sufficient conditions are given under which fewer than min{m,n} totally positive summands are needed

Muscle weight distribution in four breeds of cattle with reference to individual muscles, anatomical groups and wholesale cuts

One side of each of 51 carcasses of Hereford, Angus, Friesian and Charolais cross-bred steers was dissected and the weights of individual muscles and total carcass muscle were obtained. The percentage distribution of total carcass muscle weight in muscles and in standard groups of muscles was determined. In addition, the percentage distribution of total carcass muscle weight in wholesale cuts was determined from the weights of whole and part muscles specified as comprising the respective cuts. Minor breed differences only were found in muscle weight distribution among muscles, groups of muscles and wholesale cuts. Similarity of muscle weight distribution in the different types of carcasses studied shows that carcass shape is not associated with differences in the distribution of muscle weight in wholesale cuts

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) pipeline operating temperature effects on UK soils: The first empirical data

This paper presents the first empirical data of soil temperature and soil moisture profiles with depth in the context of a buried Carbon Capture and Storage transportation pipeline operating at higher than ambient soil temperatures. In an experimental approach, soil temperature responses are non-linear and are raised and restricted to within 45 cm of the subsurface heat source (hypothetical pipeline). A surface heat source is included to investigate interactions of natural seasonal surface heating of soils with subsurface heat. There is no interaction between subsurface and surface heat sources in the experimental system. Soil moisture profiles vary with soil type, with overall soil moisture losses of >10% over experimental time courses. Modelled soil temperature profiles show that the ability of soils to buffer thermal movement from depths up to 1.2 m from the surface is currently inadequately represented. Measurements provide the first elementary data of soil temperature changes resulting from a subsurface heat source for more accurate modelling of soil/pipeline interactions

Elementary bidiagonal factorizations

AbstractAn elementary bidiagonal (EB) matrix has every main diagonal entry equal to 1, and exactly one off-diagonal nonzero entry that is either on the sub- or super-diagonal. If matrix A can be written as a product of EB matrices and at most one diagonal matrix, then this product is an EB factorization of A. Every matrix is shown to have an EB factorization, and this is related to LU factorization and Neville elimination. The minimum number of EB factors needed for various classes of n-by-n matrices is considered. Some exact values for low dimensions and some bounds for general n are proved; improved bounds are conjectured. Generic factorizations that correspond to different orderings of the EB factors are briefly considered

First-principles Calculation of the Formation Energy in MgO-CaO Solid Solutions

The electronic structure and total energy were calculated for ordered and disordered MgO-CaO solid solutions within the multiple scattering theory in real space and the local density approximation. Based on the dependence of the total energy on the unit cell volume the equilibrium lattice parameter and formation energy were determined for different solution compositions. The formation energy of the solid solutions is found to be positive that is in agreement with the experimental phase diagram, which shows a miscibility gap.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figure

The Role of Radioactivities in Astrophysics

I present both a history of radioactivity in astrophysics and an introduction to the major applications of radioactive abundances to astronomy

Analytic solutions and Singularity formation for the Peakon b--Family equations

Using the Abstract Cauchy-Kowalewski Theorem we prove that the $b$-family equation admits, locally in time, a unique analytic solution. Moreover, if the initial data is real analytic and it belongs to $H^s$ with $s > 3/2$, and the momentum density $u_0 - u_{0,{xx}}$ does not change sign, we prove that the solution stays analytic globally in time, for $b\geq 1$. Using pseudospectral numerical methods, we study, also, the singularity formation for the $b$-family equations with the singularity tracking method. This method allows us to follow the process of the singularity formation in the complex plane as the singularity approaches the real axis, estimating the rate of decay of the Fourier spectrum

Feasibility study and design concept for an orbiting ice-penetrating radar sounder to characterize in three-dimensions the Europan ice mantle down to (and including) any ice/ocean interface

This report presents a radar sounding model based on the range of current working hypotheses for the nature of Europa's icy shell.Institute for Geophysic

Screened Coulomb interactions in metallic alloys: I. Universal screening in the atomic sphere approximation

We have used the locally self-consistent Green's function (LSGF) method in supercell calculations to establish the distribution of the net charges assigned to the atomic spheres of the alloy components in metallic alloys with different compositions and degrees of order. This allows us to determine the Madelung potential energy of a random alloy in the single-site mean field approximation which makes the conventional single-site density-functional- theory coherent potential approximation (SS-DFT-CPA) method practically identical to the supercell LSGF method with a single-site local interaction zone that yields an exact solution of the DFT problem. We demonstrate that the basic mechanism which governs the charge distribution is the screening of the net charges of the alloy components that makes the direct Coulomb interactions short-ranged. In the atomic sphere approximation, this screening appears to be almost independent of the alloy composition, lattice spacing, and crystal structure. A formalism which allows a consistent treatment of the screened Coulomb interactions within the single-site mean-filed approximation is outlined. We also derive the contribution of the screened Coulomb interactions to the S2 formalism and the generalized perturbation method.Comment: 28 pages, 8 figure